Ghana

Capital: Accra

Currency: Ghanaian Cedi- GHS

GHS

Ghana Labour Law and Employment Policy Overview

Key Legislation:
- Labour Act (Act 651 of 2003)
- Social Security Act (Act 247 of 1991)
- Workmen's Compensation Act (Act 187 of 1987)
Legal Characteristics:
- Aims to protect employees' rights and welfare
- Stipulates minimum wage, working hours, leave, termination, and severance pay

Contract Types:
- Fixed-term contracts (not exceeding 3 years)
- Indefinite contracts
Contractual Terms:
- Must include the following:
  - Names of employer and employee
  - Commencement date
  - Job title
  - Working hours
  - Wages
  - Annual leave
  - Social security
  - Overtime pay
  - Sick leave
  - Dispute resolution
Language and Currency:
- Contracts must be written in English and use the Ghanaian Cedi currency

Standard Working Hours: 40 hours per week, 8 hours per day
Rest Days and Breaks:
- 12 hours of rest within every 24-hour period
- 48 hours of rest per week

Annual Leave: 15 days of paid annual leave per year
Public Holidays: 15 statutory public holidays
Special Leave:
- Maternity leave: 12 weeks of paid maternity leave (extended to 14 weeks for multiple births or complications)
- Sick leave: Not provided by law, but may be offered by employers
- Paternity leave: Not provided by law

Notice Period:
- Contracts of 3 years or more: 1 month's notice
- Contracts of less than 3 years: 2 weeks' notice
- Week-to-week contracts: 7 days' notice
- Contracts terminable at any time by either party: Ends on the day, no notice required
Severance Pay:
- Termination without economic reasons: No severance pay
- Redundancy: Severance pay amount to be negotiated between employer and employee
Unfair Dismissal Protection:
- Employees can file unfair dismissal claims with the Labour Court
- Court may order reinstatement or award compensation

Personal Income Tax:
- Salary Range (GHS) Tax Rate
  0 - 4,380 0%
  4,380 - 5,700 5%
  5,700 - 7,260 10%
  7,260 - 43,260 17.5%
  43,260 - 240,000 25%
  240,000.01 and above 30%
Social Security Contributions:
- Employer: 13%
- Employee: 5.5%

Insurance Policy:
- Ghana has a nationalized healthcare system, with all citizens entitled to healthcare
- Employers may provide private health insurance for their employees

Permit Requirement:
- Foreigners require a work permit to work in Ghana
Application Process:
- Employer applies to the Immigration Service on behalf of the employee
- Application requires submission of:
  - Employment contract
  - Proof of qualifications
  - Passport copy

Enforceability:
- Confidentiality and non-compete clauses are enforceable in Ghana
Common Provisions:
- Confidentiality clauses: Prohibit employees from disclosing confidential information
- Non-compete clauses: Restrict employees from working for competitors for a specified period

Legal Requirements:
- Employers must provide safety training and skills development training to employees
Government Support:
- Government provides funding and incentives to support corporate training

Legal Requirements:
- Discrimination based on race, gender, religion, or disability is prohibited
Enforcement Measures:
- Employers must develop and implement diversity and inclusion policies
- Government agencies investigate and resolve discrimination complaints

Legal Framework:
- No specific legal framework governing remote work
Tax and Insurance Implications:
- Remote work may impact employees' tax and social security obligations